The E-mobility megatrend has dramatically increased the demand for high energy storage and large capacity Lithium-ion batteries (LIB), sparking several research interests globally. In addition to higher capacity, safety is equally important for long-term operation and stability, which requires thorough understanding of battery materials and structural properties. Multiscale microscopic characterization of LIB materials and cells based on ZEISS light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microscopy (XRM) systems explore the insides of the LIB with regards to by-products spreading, surface electrolyte interface (SEI) information, dendrite growth and structural changes, which are key for battery performance. In-situ chemical studies such as Raman spectroscopy mappings, EDX mappings and SIMS measurement provide complimentary information, which help to identify large variety of elements in lithium ion batteries and reveal changes in the distributions at different stages. This type of information enables detailed understanding how the product is operating under the intended service conditions and develop advanced materials to improve the performance of LIBs.